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Addition and Subtraction Worksheets

25 free PDFsUS Letter or A4Answer key includedNo login

Mixed addition and subtraction within 20, fact families, number bonds, missing numbers and true or false equations for 1st grade, with answer keys.

Download the addition and subtraction worksheets

Mixed addition and subtraction

Add and subtract within 10 and 20 in rows and stacked, plus a fluency check with both signs.

Fact families

Fact family houses within 10 and within 20: three numbers on the roof, four facts inside.

Missing numbers

Find the missing addend, then the missing number anywhere in an addition or subtraction equation.

Number bonds

Number bonds within 10 and 20 with the part or the whole missing.

True or false and the equal sign

Decide if an equation is true or false, and find the number that makes both sides equal.

Print at 100% (actual size) for the cleanest tracing lines.

About these addition and subtraction worksheets

Once children can add and subtract, the next step is seeing how the two fit together. These addition and subtraction worksheets mix the two operations so children read each sign, and they show the link between them with fact families and number bonds.

Fact family houses ask for all four facts from three numbers. Number bonds show a whole and its two parts. Missing number pages put the blank anywhere in the equation, as in 8 + ? = 11 or 5 = ? − 3. True or false pages and make both sides equal pages teach what the equal sign really means: both sides are the same amount.

Most pages come in several versions, Sheet A, B and C, with the same skill and new problems. Every page has an answer key on page 2, and prints in black and white on US Letter or A4.

Standards

  • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.B.4Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract 10 - 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.
  • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.C.6Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 - 4 = 13 - 3 - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 - 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).
  • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.D.7Understand the meaning of the equal sign, and determine if equations involving addition and subtraction are true or false. For example, which of the following equations are true and which are false? 6 = 6, 7 = 8 - 1, 5 + 2 = 2 + 5, 4 + 1 = 5 + 2.
  • CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.OA.D.8Determine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation relating three whole numbers. For example, determine the unknown number that makes the equation true in each of the equations 8 + ? = 11, 5 = _ - 3, 6 + 6 = _.

How to use them

  1. Use the mixed pages once your child can add and subtract within 10 on separate pages. Ask them to circle the sign before solving.
  2. Use number bonds and fact families together: a bond shows the three numbers, and the house asks for the four facts.
  3. Start missing addend pages with counters. For 6 + ? = 10, put out 6, then add more until there are 10.
  4. Talk through the true or false pages. Ask: is the left side the same amount as the right side?
  5. Use the fluency check as a quick weekly check of both operations within 10.

Teaching tips

  • Many children think = means 'the answer comes next'. The true or false and make both sides equal pages fix this: 7 = 8 − 1 is true.
  • In a fact family, the biggest number is the whole. It comes first in the subtraction facts.
  • For a missing addend, think of subtraction: 8 + ? = 11 is the same question as 11 − 8.
  • If a child adds when they should subtract, slow down and read each sign aloud.

Questions teachers and parents ask

What is a fact family?

Three numbers that make two addition facts and two subtraction facts. For 3, 5 and 8: 3 + 5 = 8, 5 + 3 = 8, 8 − 3 = 5 and 8 − 5 = 3.

Why practice true or false equations?

They teach that the equal sign means 'the same amount as', not 'write the answer next'. Children who understand this find missing number problems and later algebra much easier.

What are number bonds?

A number bond shows a whole number and two parts that make it, such as 14 split into 9 and 5. The pages ask for the missing part or the missing whole.

Are there answer keys?

Yes. Every page has an answer key on page 2 of the PDF.